penicillin streptomycin p s  (ATCC)

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Muscle-fiber-inspired nanofibrillar microbundles induce myogenic differentiation in human adipose-derived stem cells

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA-seq profiling of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) after 21 days of culture in myogenic differentiation medium. (a) Principal component analysis (PCA) based on transcriptome expression values (FPKM), showing clustering of biological replicates for Monolayer (2D), PCL, and Fibril conditions. (b) Venn diagram showing the overlap of detected genes among Monolayer, PCL, and Fibril groups (numbers indicate gene counts in each intersection). (c) Gene Ontology (GO) Biological Process (BP) over-representation analysis (ORA) for differentially expressed genes in 2D vs nFMBs (left) and PCL-mFiBs vs nFMBs (right); bars are plotted as −log10 (adjusted p value), with terms enriched among genes upregulated in the first condition shown to the right (red) and terms enriched among genes downregulated in nFMBs shown to the left (blue). (d) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for differentially expressed genes between PCL-mFiBs and nFMBs groups; dot size represents the number of genes mapped to each pathway (Count), dot color indicates adjusted p value, and the x-axis denotes Gene Ratio. (e) Category network plot (CNP; category–gene network plot) for the PCL-mFiBs vs nFMBs comparison, visualizing representative enriched GO BP terms and their associated genes; gene nodes are colored by fold change and term nodes reflect enrichment significance. (f–i) Heatmaps of selected genes associated with representative GO terms: GO:0000280 (nuclear division), GO:0030198 (extracellular matrix organization), GO:0003012 (muscle system process), and GO:0007519 (skeletal muscle tissue development), respectively; expression patterns are shown across 2D, PCL-mFiBs, and nFMBs, with gene symbols listed alongside each heatmap.

Article Snippet: For HSkMCs, myogenic differentiation was induced using Skeletal Muscle Differentiation Medium (ATCC, Manassas, USA).

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Derivative Assay, Cell Characterization, Expressing, Comparison

Journal: Human Genetics and Genomics Advances

Article Title: Using a modular massively parallel reporter assay to discover context-dependent regulatory activity in type 2 diabetes-linked noncoding regions

doi: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100606

Figure Lengend Snippet: HNF1 transcription factor motifs contribute to enhancer activity near selected T2D-associated variants (A) For 47 HNF1-motif-overlapping fragments with significant INS promoter-bias effects on activity, we designed three versions: original (motif intact), deleted (motif removed and sequence adjusted), and shuffled (dinucleotide-shuffled motif). When the tested variant was adjacent to the motif, we synthesized both reference and alternative alleles for each version. For variants directly overlapping the motif, we generated only one deletion and one shuffled fragment. (B) We synthesized four fragments corresponding to the variant rs1635852, which overlaps an HNF1 motif at a high-information-content position. The T2D risk allele (T) disrupts this motif, while the non-risk allele (C) matches the consensus. (C) Shuffling the motif significantly decreased enhancer activity compared to intact fragments with either the risk T (Wilcoxon rank-sum test p = 0.016) or non-risk C ( p = 0.008) allele. Motif deletion also significantly decreased enhancer activity compared to the non-risk C allele ( p = 0.016). (D) For the variant rs11819995, located 11 bp upstream of an HNF1 motif, we synthesized six fragments. (E) Deletion of the motif significantly decreased enhancer activity for both the reference (C, non-risk) and alternative (T, risk) alleles ( p = 0.008 for both alleles). Shuffling the motif likewise reduced activity for both alleles ( p = 0.008 for the reference allele and p = 0.056 for the alternative allele). (F) To assess context-specific effects, we cloned these fragments into MPRA vectors with the SCP1 or skeletal-muscle-specific MYBPC2 promoter and delivered all three to LHCN-M2 human skeletal muscle myotubes ( n = 6). (G) When paired with the INS promoter, the shuffled rs11819995-containing fragment showed increased activity relative to the original fragment ( p = 0.015); however, none of the fragments containing rs11819995 functioned as enhancers in LHCN-M2 myotubes, regardless of promoter context. Overall, their activity is highest when paired with the skeletal-muscle-specific promoter.

Article Snippet: We obtained INS-1 832/13 rat insulinoma cells from Dr. Christopher Newgard (Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University, Durham, NC) and LHCN-M2 human skeletal muscle myoblasts from Evercyte.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Sequencing, Variant Assay, Synthesized, Generated, Clone Assay